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2020.05.25

Here Julia repeatedly heard his poems performed by a student, a brother’s friend.

Here Julia repeatedly heard his poems performed by a student, a brother’s friend.

All conscious Ukraine missed and misses this worker. Here is a bunch of verbal pain that the talented poetess Neonila Stefurak expressed through the mouth of the region’s writers and cultural figures: "The other day Kolomyia accompanied one of her most famous patriots, local historian Ivan Bilinkevich, on her last journey." Used literature: Bilinkevich I. Ivan Franko and Kolomyia. – Ivano-Frankivsk: Galicia, 1991 .– 24 p.; Ivan Bilynkevych’s French Studies on His Manuscript Legacy. – Lviv, 1994.

02/23/2011

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Poet Ulyana Kravchenko (Julia Schneider)

Leaning over the desk, eighteen-year-old seminarian Julia Schneider eagerly flips through the pages of Dzvin magazine. It was said that Franko’s poem "The Stonemasons" was published here. She was given this magazine in seminary, but can you read it there when the watchful eye of a "faithful" Cerberus teacher is waiting for you at every step?

The girl flips through the pages again and again, but either out of excitement or haste she can’t find the right one. And dusk is already creeping into the cozy room, and it seems that someone dark, unknown stood in the corner, staring at her with evil eyes, like that overseer. This is the required page. The girl digs into the lines and, like a prayer, whispers softly passions and words. Until relatives appear, he rushes to rewrite this courageous poetry. How she would like to meet the author of those wonderful lines, tell him about her sad thoughts, read her own poems-anxieties! But is it possible? Her uncle categorically forbade her to meet with a "compromised" socialist poet … Yulia Yuliivna Schneider, who later appeared in literature under the pseudonym Ulyana Kravchenko, was born on April 18, 1860 in the town of Mykolayiv in the Drohobych region in the family of a county commissioner. Her father was a man of monarchical convictions, sometimes he published his poems on political topics in the newspaper "Galytska Zorya". When Julia was ten years old, her father died. Her mother took care of the future writer’s upbringing. She sang Ukrainian and Polish songs well, told folk legends beautifully. As a child, Julia fell in love with the charm of the artistic word and song. For more than ten years the Schneider family lived in Nikolaev in the house of the writer Nikolay Ustiyanovich. Here Julia repeatedly heard his poems performed by a student, a brother’s friend. Of course, this helped to awaken her literary talent. The girl first studied at home, and then from 1877 to 1881 she was educated at the Lviv Teachers’ Seminary. Here she began to admire the works of Pushkin, Schiller, Goethe, began to study the Ukrainian literary language on the works of Fedkovych, Kotlyarevsky, Mark Vovchko. She was most impressed by the poetry of Ivan Franko, who at that time was a recognized leader of young Galician literature. Julia follows each of his new works. In 18S1, Yuliya Yuliya graduated from the Lviv Teachers’ Seminary and became a teacher in the village of Bibrka in the Lviv region. With great zeal she takes up teaching. But the stupidity and indifference of the local school authorities, the intrigues of envious teachers created many obstacles on the way to conscientious service to the upbringing of children. The young teacher gives all her strength to the school, works on her self-education, prepares for the qualifying exam for a high school teacher, but did not have real emotional satisfaction. And it is devoted to literature. The works of Ulyana Kravchenko sent to the Lviv magazine "Zorya" caught Franko’s eye. While looking through the manuscripts, he noticed the poem "Remember me, darling" which he liked. The poet finished it, and the poem by an unknown author appeared in the 21st issue of the magazine "Dawn" in 1883. I. Franko wrote a warm letter to the young poetess, encouraging her to work in the field of Ukrainian literature. Since then, there has been sincere correspondence between them, which did not stop until the very death of Ivan Franko. In his letters, the poet recommended to Ulyana Kravchenko what works to study, what to read, what way to go to realize their dreams. He also greatly assisted and helped in the publication of the first works of the writer – poems and stories. It was Franco who arranged and prepared for publication its first collection, published in 1885, and published the second at his own expense. Teaching in the village of Bibrka ended unsuccessfully for V. Kravchenko. In the official election of the so-called "permanent teacher", her impeccable work was noted, but another person was appointed to the position. Also in 1884, U. Kravchenko began a new school year in the neighboring village of Stoky with Bibrka. There was no school here before. The village community agreed to entrust its organization to a young teacher. Overcoming all kinds of difficulties, in a building without a roof, without a floor and without windows, she lasted several autumn and winter months, and then, thanks to Franko’s help and request, moved to Lviv, where she began teaching at a six- grade Ukrainian school for girls. However, U. Kravchenko’s teaching in Lviv did not last long. They accused him of adhering to the phonetic principle of writing Ukrainian words (as opposed to the officially approved etymological one), of popularizing Franko’s ideas, and fired him. Having no means of subsistence, she left Lviv in the autumn of 1885. For some time U. Kravchenko worked as a teacher in the family of a landowner in the village of Rudenky in Lviv region, then taught for two years in the village of Luzhok Dolishniy in Drohobych region, where he married a local teacher, and from 1888 to 1920 taught at school in the village of Seltsi in Drohobych region. … Despite a difficult life, the young teacher worked hard and fruitfully in literature. After the release of the first collection "Prima vera", the poet gained popularity among readers. The publication of her book became a notable event in the literary life of the time. After all, this was the first collection of poems in Galicia, written by a Ukrainian woman who seemed to declare the equality of women in rights with men. U. Kravchenko’s work is imbued with sincere humanity and compassion for the oppressed and offended. In her best poems, the poet emphasizes that grievances and sorrow have overflowed the cup of the people’s patience: the time is not far off when the workers will oppose their eternal exploiters. More than once she addresses the theme of the purpose of poetry and the poet’s place in public life, with subtle lyricism depicts the beauty of native nature, intimate feelings. For about twenty-five years, U. Kravchenko performed works for children in the magazine "Dzvinok" (1890-1914). her poetry for children and youth, marked by the ideas of humanism, nurtured respect for working people, love for native nature. The author paid a lot of attention to instilling in readers respect for science and education. The poetic works for children and youth included several collections by V. Kravchenko – "Snowdrops" (1921), "On the Road" (1921), "Swan Song" (1924), "Whisper to us, periwinkle" (1932). For more than forty years U. Kravchenko worked as a village teacher, and in 1920 she moved to Przemyśl, where in 1939 she met the Soviet Army – the liberator of her native people. Despite her eighty years of age, she appears in the Soviet press with poems and articles, conducts public work. Workers in Przemyśl elect her as their deputy, and the poet becomes a member of the Union of Soviet Writers of Ukraine. In April 1941, the publishing house "Soviet Writer" published "Selected Poetry" by U https://123helpme.me/narrative-essay-topics/. Kravchenko. At the age of eighty-eight, on March 31, 1947, Kravchenko died in Przemyśl. She is buried there.

27.01.2011

The story "Earth" by Olga Kobylyanska

Olga Kobylyanska’s story "Earth" is full of worries about the morality of compatriots, about the human in man and the spiritual fate of the Ukrainian village. The idea of ​​the story came from a deep inner pain caused by fratricide, as a consequence of apostasy from the laws of ethics, contempt for universal values, established by centuries of civilization.

Olga Kobylyanska was born on November 27, 1863 in the town of Gura-Humora in Southern Bukovina in a large family of a small government official. From childhood, she knew not only Ukrainian, but also Polish and German, which were spoken in her family. The future writer spent her childhood and youth in the Romanian-German towns of Gura Humor, Suceava, and Kimpolung. Later she lived in the village. Dymka, and since 1891 – in Chernivtsi. Ukrainians also lived in Southern Bukovina, inhabited mainly by Germans and Romanians. But there were no Ukrainian schools or cultural and educational institutions here in the 1960s and 1980s. The German school could not give Kobylyanska any knowledge of the cultural history of the Ukrainian people. The first literary works of O. Kobylyanska, written in German without a clear idea, "what does the word" literature "mean in the early 80’s (" Hortense, or an essay on the life of a girl "" Fate or will? " Kobylyanska’s unpublished works ("Hortenza", "Drawing from the People’s Life in Bukovyna", "Vidyvo", "Man from the People", etc.) today retain mostly cognitive significance, reflecting some scenes from the life of the urban intelligentsia , people from the people. German culture, played a positive role in the life and work of Kobylyanskaya.They, as Lesya Ukrainka rightly noted, helped Kobylyanskaya to enter the wider world of universal culture.But to establish Kobylyanskaya as a Ukrainian writer needed to know not only the Ukrainian language but also the heritage of Ukrainian literature She became more and more aware of this truth, and since the end of the 1980s she has been persistently studying the cultural heritage of her people, showing increasing interest in their lives. the same time, she took an active part in the so-called feminist movement, which touched on many painful issues that were pondered by members of the advanced intelligentsia. Becoming one of the initiators of the "Society of Russian Women in Bukovina" in 1894, Kobylyanska substantiated the purpose of this movement in the pamphlet "Something about the idea of ​​the women’s movement." The writer raised the issue of the plight of women "middle class" actively advocated for equality of women and men, for her right to a dignified life. These thoughts appeared in the early works of the writer. In some of them ("Hortense", "She got married", etc.), depicting the spiritual world of her heroines, the writer emphasizes their search for personal happiness.