This hypothesis is supported by among the narratives in Life Overtakes Me. a young russian girl called Dasha gradually became afflicted with Resignation Syndrome after her household fled to Sweden. Her mother was raped within the woods of Siberia but hadn’t informed her children. Inpportunly, Dasha heard the story of her mother’s rape when the asylum-seeking household had an interview utilizing the Swedish Immigration Center. Upon this news, Dasha instantly began crying, slowly rejecting her food and stopped speaking completely following a couple of months (Life Overtakes Me, 2019). It had been only until her household ended up being granted Swedish residency did Dasha finally recover after 8 months of being unresponsive. You will need to highlight that this change in atmosphere, greater safety, and positive news ended up being transmitted to Dasha by her mother. To Dasha, “this profound change in the truth of the situation ended up being accepted being a truth” only if her mother, sensing greater safety in her life, was able to move forward away from her trauma and overcome her hopelessness.[16] In doing so, the mother’s sense of hopelessness isn’t any longer projected upon Dasha, therefore, “reawakening [her] lust for life”.[17]
consequently, this hypothesis may, in circumstances once the child hasn’t individually experienced the trauma, explain why Resignation Systems happens. To reiterate, it has been demonstrated that within the projection associated with mother or father’s trauma onto their child, the son or daughter gradually recognizes the trauma as their own. Therefore, while this can be one of the causes of Resignation Syndrome, it doesn’t explain the regional distribution associated with disease. Many refugee children’s parents, who have fled to countries other than Sweden, also have faced similar trauma and have subsequently projected this sense of hopelessness onto their sons or daughters. Consequently, there must be evidence of other refugee children, that are living outside of Sweden, that have problems with Resignation Syndrome. Yet, as mentioned, no reported instances have been reported past Swedish national boundaries; therefore, the psychodynamic hypothesis falls short of explaining this bizarre trend.
Mental Health Hypothesis:
a final contributing factor frequently cited by medical scientists for why Resignation Syndrome exists is really a theory of mental health. This theory is more preventative because it stipulates that had these refugee kids received proper mental health treatment upon experiencing this trauma, they might haven’t fallen ill. In more precise words, the hypothesis shows that Resignation Syndrome might have been avoided if parents or other relatives had provided adequate mental health treatment for their children that has suffered from past trauma. To be more specific, with delay premature ejaculation pills of past traumatic experiences, these refugee kids are not forced to suppress their trauma or have it resurface if you find a risk of deportation. Consequently, the theory argues that within the treatment of trauma, the kids never run the risk of falling into this comatose state; so, Resignation Syndrome can be prevented. However, this theory does not take into account the truth that often, these families lack the economic capital to access these treatments for his or her children. Even when they did have the economic capital, these refugee families are frequently in life-threatening circumstances; therefore, they do not have time for you to provide their child with this treatment. Furthermore, in a few circumstances, parents might not cherish the trauma experienced by the kid when they continue to be in shock or if they deny having experienced the upheaval to begin with. In this scenario, the parents wouldn’t normally find mental health treatment necessary.
Furthermore, while mental health treatment might help the child move forward away from their really experienced trauma, the trauma of the parents may still be projected onto them. The trauma associated with migrant journey is another unavoidable stress factor for refugee children.a level biology essay questions Consequently, further treatment would be necessary as a result of this added stress. In light of these weaknesses, the mental hypothesis arguably is not a compelling explanation for why Resignation Syndrome exists. In that it is not a compelling contributing factor, this theory doesn’t go far enough to describe why the problem exists only in Sweden.
Current Swedish Immigration Policy:
Until recently, Sweden ended up being known because of its good immigration rules as well as in particular, its lenient asylum granting policies. Consequently, many asylum-seeking families and folks fled to Sweden underneath the impression they had a high possibility of being given asylum and correspondingly, a protected future living condition. Yet, in 2015, “a record-breaking 162,877 asylum seekers entered Sweden, which along with Germany ended up being the preferred destination for a wave of Syrians, Afghans, Russians, and others who reached European soil looking for protection and better lives”.[18] In light of the influx of immigrants, anti-immigrant sentiments began to grow in Sweden, causing the Swedish government to institute border controls. Later, in late 2016, a restrictive household reunification and asylum law came into force. The law introduced “new restrictions on asylum seekers, including rules that could limit the amount of people given permanent residency and allow it to be more challenging for parents to reunite with their children.”[19] This law could be correlated to your increase in the number of Resignation Syndrome cases starting in 2017. Of course, it is critical to note that this could be a coincidence as there is no proven correlation between your two.
Culture-Based Hypothesis:
As a result of these current restrictive immigration laws and regulations passed in Sweden, it is plausible to argue that the current cultural change in Swedish society serves as both a contributing factor of Resignation Syndrome and a adequate explanation for why the condition exists only in Sweden. To reiterate, asylum-seeking families and their traumatized children were operating underneath the assumption they had a high possibility of being given asylum in Sweden. However, as a result of this restrictive asylum law, their likelihood of receiving asylum were greatly diminished. Consequently, these refugee kids that are assimilating into Swedish society and know the language well, have both their expectations and hopes of securely staying within the country, shattered. Either their families’ request asylum is denied, they are not given permanent residency, or they get a notice of imminent deportation. In comparison, countries like Greece, Hungary, and Romania will always be recognized to have stricter immigration rules; therefore, refugees fleeing to those countries understand that the likelihood of their asylum being granted is less.[20] Since there is perhaps not enough research to argue that this cultural policy shift in Sweden definitively explains why Resignation Syndrome exists solely in Sweden, it’s more probable compared to other hypotheses put forth. Quite simply, this culturally-based hypothesis has enough credible support to suggest it plays both a contributing factor for the problem and explain why the condition exists only within the Swedish state.
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to help this hypothesis, the surprising denial of asylum due to stricter immigration laws and regulations is in conjunction with the refugee child’s manifesting fear of going back to their spot of trauma. This fear, based on Bodegård, is a “perpetuating retraumatization [that] possibly explains the endemic distribution” of Resignation Syndrome.[21] As mentioned, refugee families flee their home country because it is commonly the area in which they experience their trauma. Therefore, if a child is confronted with the uncertainty of being deported back to the area of their suppressed trauma, then that trauma has got the possibility of resurfacing. This refugee child’s traumatic resurface risks transforming into Resignation Syndrome.
Conclusion:
As exemplified in this paper, there are lots of potential contributing factors for why Resignation Syndrome exists primarily amongst refugee children. However, unique for this disease may be the proven fact that all reported instance is in the national boundaries of Sweden. While many contributing factors explain why the Syndrome exists, only the cultural hypothesis can fully explain its regional distribution. To reiterate, this hypothesis argues that the recently more restrictive changes to Sweden’s immigration laws and regulations, including a stricter asylum policy, explains Resignation Syndrome’s regional distribution. This anxiety about being deported back to the child’s place of trauma often manifests itself to the symptoms of the syndrome.
you will need to highlight that these are merely theoretical hypotheses, as there is not enough research on Resignation Syndrome to garner a definitive solution. Being a society, we need to further study this bizarre disease and more generally, we have to research the trauma both directly and indirectly faced by refugee children. These children’s toolbox for dealing with such trauma is much lower than their parents; therefore, they run the best of falling victims to conditions like Resignation Syndrome.
Bibliography
[1]“Sweden’s Mystery disease: Resignation Syndrome,” physicians of the World, last modified February 20, 2018, https://doctorsoftheworld.org/blog/swedens-mystery-illness-resignation-syndrome.
[2] Ibid.
[3] Karl Sallin et al., “Resignation Syndrome: Catatonia? Culture-Bound?,” Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 10 (2016):doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00007.
[4] “Sweden’s Mystery Illness: Resignation Syndrome,” physicians of the World, last modified February 20, 2018, https://doctorsoftheworld.org/blog/swedens-mystery-illness-resignation-syndrome/.
[5] “Catatonia: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment,” WebMD, last modified January 30, 2019, https://www.webmd.com/schizophrenia/what-is-catatonia#1.
[6] Bodegård in Karl Sallin et al., “Resignation Syndrome: Catatonia? Culture-Bound?,” Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 10 (2016): doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00007.
[7] Hultcrantz inJoselito Dias and Iago Santiago, “Resignation Syndrome in Hidden Tears and Silences,” SAGE Journals, last modified August 3, 2018,
[8] Life Overtakes Me, directed by Kristine Samuelson. (2019; Sweden: Netflix, 2019), Film.
[9] Karl Sallin et al., “Resignation Syndrome: Catatonia? Culture-Bound?,” Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 10 (2016): doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00007.
[10] “Sweden’s Mystery disease: Resignation Syndrome,” Doctors of the World, last modified February 20, 2018, https://doctorsoftheworld.org/blog/swedens-mystery-illness-resignation-syndrome/.
[11]Ibid.
[12]Life Overtakes Me, directed by Kristine Samuelson. (2019; Sweden: Netflix, 2019), Film.
[13] “Child Trauma on Nauru – The Facts,” Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, last modified November 16, 2018, https://www.asrc.org.au/2018/08/28/child-trauma-on-nauru-the-facts/.
[14] Göran Bodegård, “Pervasive lack of function in asylum-seeking children in Sweden,” Acta Paediatrica 94, no. 12 (2005): 344, doi:10.1080/08035250510036778.
[15] Göran Bodegård, “Pervasive lack of function in asylum-seeking children in Sweden,” Acta Paediatrica 94, no. 12 (2005): 345, doi:10.1080/08035250510036778.
[16] Göran Bodegård, “Pervasive lack of function in asylum-seeking children in Sweden,” Acta Paediatrica 94, no. 12 (2005): 347, doi:10.1080/08035250510036778.
[17]Ibid.
[18] Admir Skodo, “Sweden: By Turns Welcoming and Restrictive in Its Immigration Policy,” Migrationpolicy.org, last modified May 26, 2019, https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/sweden-turns-welcoming-and-restrictive-its-immigration-policy.
[19] Dan Bilefsky, “Sweden Toughens Rules for Refugees Seeking Asylum,” The New York Times – Breaking News, World News & Multimedia, last modified June 21, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/22/world/europe/sweden-immigrant-restrictions.html.
[20] Senay Boztas, “These Are the Toughest Places for Asylum Seekers to Enter Europe,” Telegraph.co.uk, last modified February 5, 2016, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/12140900/These-are-the-toughest-places-for-asylum-seekers-to-enter-Europe.html.
[21]Bodegård in Kenneth P. Nunn et al.”Pervasive refusal syndrome (PRS) 21 years on: a re-conceptualisation and a renaming,” European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 23, # 3 (2013): xx, doi:10.1007/s00787-013-0433-7.
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome was initially described by Sir James Paget in 1854 however the term ended up being coined by Moeirisch. It’s a syndrome of compression neuropathy of median nerve at the wrist. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome results in considerable vexation and pain, limitation of activities of everyday living, lack of sleep and work disability. (Levine et al., 1993). Twenty per cent of symptomatic subjects with symptoms of pain, numbness, nocturnal parasthesia and tingling sensation within the hand would be likely to have Carpal tunnel syndrome in line with the clinical examination and electro physiologic screening.
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Carpal tunnel Syndrome is more frequent in pregnancy since the systemic process increases the additional capsular fluid retention by the hormone Prolactin and produce soft tissue swelling within the later stages (third trimester) of the pregnancies. The Carpal Tunnel Syndrome can therefore be produced by compression or swelling associated with median nerve in its synovial sheath (Gelberman et al., 1981; Snell, 2000; Szabo, 1989; Primal Pictures, 2001; Rempel et al., 1999).
Many therapies have already been advocated for treating the carpal tunnel syndrome including Mobilizations, nerve gliding, tendon gliding, etc. and so the presence study ended up being centered on the Effect of Nerve and Tendon gliding Exercises within the functional recovery associated with carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy.
Tendon gliding Exercises were mostly performed at the conclusion flexibility at little amplitude are performed at the limitation of available motion and stressed to the tissue resistance. These exercises are thought to relieve strain on the median nerve and stretch the carpal ligaments, which also helps decrease force. Also, they are thought to help blood flow from the carpal tunnel, which can help decrease fluid force.
Women that are pregnant with pain and swelling within the wrist for at the least 30 days.
Women that are pregnant with both unilateral and bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome.
Women that are pregnant with age group between 25years and 32years.
Non-pregnant ladies with carpal tunnel syndrome.
Women that are pregnant having other complications like hypothyroidism, diabetes that will cause carpal tunnel syndrome.
Virtually any trauma related injuries at hand.
Males.
Nerve and Tendon Gliding Exercises.
Functional Status Scale for measuring functional activity.
Nerve and Tendon Gliding Exercise programme will work within the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy.
There might not be any significance between your nerve and tendon gliding exercise programme and carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy.
The purpose of this study would be to determine from the available evidence the effectiveness of Nerve and Tendon gliding exercises programme in carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy utilizing Functional Status Scale for performance and Symptom Severity Scale for wrist pain.
An overall total of 20 patients having carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy are selected to find out the effectiveness of nerve and tendon gliding exercises on them.
The length of study per patient – four weeks
Treatment session – 10 minutes per session / 2settings
Treatment per week – seven days
OUTCOME
Relief of pain and swelling at hand.
A noticable difference within the functional ability of hand.
Awareness is created for the working women that are pregnant especially with computers, typewriters, cake decorators, postal workers, dentists, and dental specialists virtually, who use their wrists and hands repetitively.
Preventing the severity of median nerve injury, which may cause claw hand if unnoticed.
INTRODUCTION
Sir James Paget first described carpal Tunnel Syndrome in 1854 but Moeirisch coined the term. It’s a syndrome of compression neuropathy of median nerve at the wrist. INTRODUCTION:
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome results in considerable vexation and pain, limitation of activities of everyday living, lack of sleep and work disability. (Levine et al., 1993).
The Carpal Tunnel’s floor consists of the 8 tiny wrist bones. Its roof is really a thick ligament called the transverse carpal ligament. 9 tendons go through this tunnel. 4 for the 9 tendons fold the guidelines associated with hand, another 4 for the 9 tendons fold the middle joints associated with hand, while the 9th tendon bends the thumb tip.
The median nerve passes through this tunnel. If you find swelling or if there is thickening of the ligament the nerve gets pinched or compresses. With enough compression carpal tunnel symptoms occur. If the compression is severe or happens over a longer period of time the nerve may change shape and flatten causing some permanent damage.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome happens because of many reasons like
Wrist injury
Carpal tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is more frequent in pregnancy since the systemic process increases the additional capsular fluid retention by the hormone Prolactin and produce soft tissue swelling within the later stages (third trimester) of the pregnancies. The Carpal Tunnel Syndrome can therefore be produced by compression or swelling associated with median nerve in its synovial sheath (Gelberman et al., 1981; Snell, 2000; Szabo, 1989; Primal Pictures, 2001; Rempel et al., 1999).
CTS happen thought to be a common complication of pregnancy (Heckman&Sassard, 1994). The pathophysiology of pregnancy related CTS (PRCTS) has been mostly related to redistribution of fluids (Ekman-Ordeberg et al., 1987; Wand, 1990; Pauda et al.,2001).
1.Pain that shoots from the hand up the arm so far as the shoulder.
2.Tingling in the hands throughout the day or the night time that disrupts sleep and limits the capability to grasp items utilizing the fingers.
3.Weak feeling in the hands, while the incapacity to get little items.
4. The sensation that the fingers are inflamed, regardless if they don’t appear to be so.
5.Burning numbness and tingling sensation in the thumb and first three fingers.
6.Weakness within the muscle mass at the foot of the thumb, close to the palm.
Motor weakness will be viewed in abductor pollicis brevis, flexor polices brevis and opponens policis brevis. Passive flexion or hyperextension associated with affected hand at the wrist for longer than about a minute may worsaen symptoms.(Phalen.G.S.,1966). Percussion associated with median nerve at the wrist causes paresthesis associated with digits (Steward.J.D.,1978).
1.Splinting the wrist in a neutral position.
2.Avoiding those activities which in turn causes pain if at all possible
3.Tendon and nerve gliding exercises.
4.Massaging
5.Elevating the arm or flicking
6.Neural mobilization
7.Ultrasound, icing, as pain relieving modality etc.
Non operative treatment s is far better in early stageas such as for instance NSAIDS and neighborhood corticosteroids injections.If the probl;em is severe surgery is built to release the carpal tunnel.
Harrington etal suggested surveillance criteria for carpal tunnel syndrome is pain or parasthesia or sensory losss in the median nerve distribution and one of the following:
Tinel’s sign positive
Phalens test positive
Nocturnal exacerbation of symptoms
Motor loss with wasting for the abductor pollicis brevis
Irregular nerve conduction studies.
Nocturnal and exertonal dyesthesias within the radial half of the palm occur in 10% to 25percent of women that are pregnant. Once the carpal tunnel syndrome happens, the outward symptoms area more regularly bilateral. Onset of symptoms is typical throughout the third trimester. Due to itas trnsient nature carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy is better treated using conservative measures, such as tendon and nerve gliding exercises. That subsequent pregnanciesaraae often associated with repeated episodes of carpal tunnel syndrome confirms the association of carpal tunnel syndrome and pregnancy.
Tendon gliding and median nerve-gliding exercises are two kinds of exercises that might help with carpal tunnel syndrome. These exercises are thought to relieve strain on the median nerve and stretch the carpal ligaments, which also helps decrease force. They’re aolso thought to help blood fow out of the carpal tunnel, which can help decrease fluid force.
Fist Flexion Exercises(also known as tendon gliding exercises) move your fingers through five jobs while your wrist stays in a neutral position(meaning it is perhaps not fold). To do this exercise, do the immediate following:
1.Start together with your fingers directly.
2.Make a hook fist and then go back to a straight hand.
3.Make a straight fist and then go back to a straight hand.
4.Make a complete fist andthen go back to a straight hand.
Hold each positons for seven seconds amd do 10 repetitions. Repeat 3 times to five timeas on a daily basis.
For median nerve gliding exercises ou move yout thumb through 6 positi0nswhile your wrist stays a neutral position. To do this exercise, do the immediate following:
1.Begin by creating a fist together with your wrisat within the neutral position.
2.Straigthen your fingers anad thumb.
3.Bend your wrist right back and move your thumb away from your palm
4.Turn your wrist palm up
5.Use your other hand to gently pull uyout thumb farther away from your palm.
Hold each position for seven seconds, and do five repetitions. Repeat three ti five times on a daily basis.
Effectiveness associated with Tendon and nerve gliding exercises used as conservative treatment approachesd in relieving the outward symptoms associated with carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy.(Lamia Pinar, Asgel Enhos et al.,)
Carpal tunnel syndrome is really a condition due to compression of median nerve in the carpal tunnel leads to sensory changesover the lateral side associated with hand and muscle mass weakness in thenar eminence, results in pain, numbness and tingling of fingers. It often happens within the third trimester of pregnancy.
“A STUDY OF EFFECTIVENESS OF NERVE AND TENDON GLIDING EXERCISES AS REMEDY APPROACH TO CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME DURING PREGNANCY.”
The purpose of this study would be to determine from the available evidence the effectiveness of Nerve and Tendon gliding exercises programme in carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy utilizing Functional Status Scale for performance and Visual Analogue scale for wrist pain.
There might not be no significance between your nerve and tendon gliding exercise programme and carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy.
Nerve and Tendon Gliding Exercise programme will work within the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome during pregnancy.
1.Lamia Pinar, Asgel Enhos et.al
Conducted an experiment study on total of 26 patients with caroal tunnel syndrome were split into two groups. In a single group the volar splint were applied and trained to change their functional activities in accordance witrh conservative treatment. In group two tendon gliding exercises were continued for four weeks with numeric rating scale and Gonuiometry. It comcluded that group two reported excellent results in pain reduction and functional improvement than gropup one.
2.Akaline.E.,et.al.,(2002)
Conducted an experimental study on carpal tunnel syndrome having a total of 28 patients with 36 fingers of CTS, which were split into two groups, with 14 patients each. One group ended up being treated with nerve and tendon gliding exercises along with custom made neutral volar splint, and another group ended up being treataed with only neutral volar splint for four weeks continuously. Patientas satisfaction ended up being invesatigated throughout the follow through ranging from 5-11 month, having a mean of 8 month. The research explained that, of these patients who performed nerve and tendon gliding exercise with wearing custom made neutral volar splint, 93% reported great results, and of these patients who have only putting on neutral volar splint, 72% reported great results. American Journal of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 2002, Feb;81(2), Pp:108-13).
3.Rosemaryn .L.M., et.al.,(1998)
Conducted an experimental study on carpal tunnel syndrome with 240 fingers, from 197 patients. They were split into two groups. Patients in both groups were treated with standard conservative techniques, and the ones in a single group were also treated having a program of nerve and tendon gliding exercise of these who did not perform the nerve and tendon gliding exercise, 71.2% underwent surgery in contrast to only 43.0% of patients who did perform them. Patient in experimental group, who did not undergo surgery were interviewed at a typical follow-up time of 23 months (range, 14-38 months), of these 53 patients, 47(89%) responded to this detail by detail interview of these 47, who responded, 70.2% reported good or positive results, 19.2% remained symptomatic, and 10.6% were non-complaint.(Journal of Hand Therapy, 1998, Jul-Sep:11(3),171-9).
4.Dakowick.A.,(2005)
the objective of the study was to assess the usefulness in conservative treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. 40 Patients aged 30-72 years, with unilateral CTS cofirmed by EMG examination were included. The patients were split into 3 groups according to clinical symptoms based on Whitley. The smoothness of pain, its frequency and intensity (VAS Scale) were determined using parameter. Reduction in pain ended up being observed by the usae of VAS. (Rock Akad Med Bialmyst, 2005:50-suppi:196-8).
5.Bonebrake.A.R.,et.al.,(1990)
the research ended up being made to measure the efficacy of a proposed new and unique programme relative to treatment. The patients diagnosed as CTS were compared to get a grip on to a control population showing no symptoms. Just before undergoing treatment and following completion associated with treatment programme. Results indicate that folks with CTS had considerably lower values in energy, ROM, and slower task performance than did the control;ratings of pain anad distress were also considerably greater than the control groups. Analysis associated with post treatmaent instances revealed statistically significant improvements in several measures as high as statistically significant improvements in many measure as high as 25% over post treatment values. Significant improvement ended up being also proven to several ROM measures of upto 22%. Finally, a significant reduced amount of 15% pain and distress reviews ended up being demonstrated within the post treatment instances. (Journal of Manipulative Physical Therapy, 1994 (May);17(4):246-249).
6.Scrimsha.S.R.,et.al.,(2001)
Conducted a comparative study between the responsiveness of Visual analogue scale and McGill pain questionnaire. Measures in 75% patients and concluded that the VAS was a better tool compared to McGill pain questionnaire for measuring pain in clinical practise.
7.O.Baysal, Z.Altay et.al
Conducted a report in 28 female patient with clinical and electrophysiologic proof of bilateral carapal tunnel syndrome. They were split into two groups. Group 1 received tendon gliding exercise with splinting. Group 2 received splinting with ultrasound for a period of four weeks with Visual analogue scale and Functional status scale.
8.Bringer TL.,Roger IC et.al
conducted a randomized trial in totoal of 61 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. They were split into four groups. Group 1 received neutral wrist and MCP exercise group. Group 2 received neutral wrist MCP exercise along with splint. Group 3 received wrist cock-up exercise and Group 4 received wrist cock-up exercise and tendon gliding exercise along with splintas perfoarmed 3 times on a daily basis. The tool used to asses the event is functional Status Scale and Symptom Severity Scale. There was significant effect in Group4.
9. Sonodyn, Sieman(2000)